molecular biology.

Gene Expression Versus Collagen Accumulation in GHK-Cu Research: A Technical Analysis

Gene-expression changes and collagen accumulation are distinct endpoints in GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex) research. This article examines why gene expression data do not directly equate to measurable collagen deposition, drawing on in vitro, animal, and gene array studies. Evidence limitations and mechanistic uncertainties are discussed.